Systems and methods for location enabled search and secure authentication

ABSTRACT

A method of authentication in ride hailing situations may include directing, by a first computing device of a passenger, the passenger to point a camera of the first computing device toward a location of a second computing device of a driver located in a vehicle, receiving data from the camera, wherein the data comprises streaming image frames including vehicle information pertaining to a vehicle included in the streaming image frames, analyzing the data to obtain the vehicle information, and determining whether the vehicle in the streaming image frames corresponds to an expected vehicle for the driver, the determination based on the vehicle information and expected vehicle information.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 16/679,604 filed Nov. 11, 2019 titled “SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR LOCATION ENABLED SEARCH AND SECURE AUTHENTICATION,” which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 16/671,725 filed Nov. 1, 2019 and also titled “SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR LOCATION ENABLED SEARCH AND SECURE AUTHENTICATION,” which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 16/451,266 filed Jun. 25, 2019 and also titled “SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR LOCATION ENABLED SEARCH AND SECURE AUTHENTICATION” (now U.S. Pat. No. 10/511,971), which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/843,662 and also titled “SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR LOCATION ENABLED SEARCH AND SECURE AUTHENTICATION” filed May 6, 2019. The entire contents of the referenced applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety for all purposes.

BACKGROUND

Various ride sharing and ride hailing platforms have mobile applications whereby a server sends the make, model, license plate number, name of the driver, and/or photograph of driver to the proposed passenger. Then, the proposed passenger is primarily charged with correctly identifying the automobile before entering the vehicle. In most cases, the driver is also encouraged to ask for passenger's name before starting the journey as a secondary verification.

Many riders cannot distinguish cars on sight by information such as make and model, and thus some ride sharing and ride hailing services have also implemented adjustable colored signage within the vehicle. The passenger is informed of the color of light to expect as an additional distinguishing and verification feature, or alternatively the passenger can specify the color of the light to be displayed.

SUMMARY

Various example embodiments are directed to electronically identifying the vehicle in ride sharing and ride hailing platforms. More specifically, various example embodiments are directed to a smart electronic method of searching for your intended driver and vehicle, and the example embodiments enable secure authentication of the driver and/or vehicle. Further, the disclosed embodiments may enable more accurate directions toward each other for both the driver and the passenger.

In related embodiments, ride sharing passengers could find each other and be authenticated using the example methods, and walk toward the ride share vehicle in a group fashion.

In one embodiment, a method of authentication in ride hailing situations may include transmitting, to a server, a request for a ride to a destination, the transmitting by a first computing device of a passenger. The method may also include receiving an indication that a second computing device of a driver accepted the ride to the destination, and communicating, via the server, first location data of the first computing device to the second computing device and first location data of the second computing device to the first computing device. The method may also include determining a first distance between the first and second computing device based on the first location data of the first and second computing device. Responsive to determining that the first distance between the first and second computing device satisfies a first threshold distance condition, the method may also include communicating, via a first point-to-point communication between the first computing device and the second computing device, second location data of the first computing device to the second computing device and second location data of the second computing device to the first computing device. Further, the method may include presenting, based on the second location data of the first and second computing device, directions for the first computing device to reach the second computing device and directions for the second computing device to reach the first computing device.

In one embodiment, a system for authentication in ride hailing situations may include a memory storing instructions, a cellular network interface, a first point-to-point communication interface for medium range communication, a display screen, and a processor communicatively coupled to the memory, the cellular network interface, the first point-to-point communication interface, and the display screen, where, when the instructions are executed by the processor, the instructions cause the processor to transmit a request by a passenger for a ride to a destination, the transmitting by the cellular network interface. The instructions, when executed, may also cause the processor to receive an indication that a computing device of a driver accepted the ride to the destination, where the indication comprises a first unique information of the driver and a first token of the driver. The instructions, when executed, may also cause the processor to receive, by way of the cellular network interface, first location data of the computing device from the server, present, on the display screen, directions for the system to reach the computing device based on a first location data of the system and the first location data of the computing device. The instructions, when executed, may also cause the processor to determine, based on the first location data of the system and the computing device, that a first distance between the system and the computing device satisfies a first threshold distance condition, and responsive to the determination, establish a first point-to-point communication session with the computing device of the driver, the establishing by way of the first point-to-point communication interface. The instructions, when executed, may also cause the processor to receive, at the first point-to-point communication interface, second location data of the computing device from the computing device, and present, on the display screen, directions for the system to reach the computing device based on a second location data of the system and the second location data of the computing device.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a detailed description of example embodiments, reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a system in accordance with at least some embodiments;

FIG. 2 shows, in block diagram form, Token-P in accordance with at least some embodiments;

FIG. 3 shows, in block diagram form, Token-D in accordance with at least some embodiments;

FIG. 4 shows a conceptual view of the communication zones during approach in accordance with at least some embodiments;

FIG. 5 shows an example method for guiding computing devices toward each other using a threshold distance condition;

FIG. 6 shows an example method for establishing a point-to-point communication between two computing devices using unique information for a passenger and a driver in accordance with at least some embodiments;

FIG. 7 shows an example user interface for vehicle and driver information presented on a computing device of a passenger in accordance with at least some embodiments;

FIG. 8 shows an example user interface for passenger information presented on a computing device of a driver in accordance with at least some embodiments;

FIG. 9 shows an example method for performing authentication between a passenger and a driver using tokens in accordance with at least some embodiments;

FIG. 10 shows example operations that may be performed in response to successful authentication in accordance with at least some embodiments;

FIG. 11 shows an example of full or partial turning to improve direction information in accordance with at least some embodiments;

FIG. 12 shows an example method for using a received signal strength indication to improve direction information in accordance with at least some embodiments;

FIG. 13 shows an example method for a system of a passenger in a ride hailing situation in accordance with at least some embodiments;

FIG. 14 shows an example computer system in accordance with at least some embodiments;

FIG. 15 shows an example method for determining whether vehicle information corresponds to an expected vehicle for a driver in accordance with at least some embodiments;

FIG. 16 shows an example method for performing an action when vehicle information corresponds to an expected vehicle in accordance with at least some embodiments;

FIG. 17 shows an example method for performing an action when vehicle information does not correspond to an expected vehicle in accordance with at least some embodiments;

FIG. 18 shows an example method for overlaying an initial image of a vehicle on a vehicle in streaming image frames in accordance with at least some embodiments;

FIG. 19 shows an example user interface including augmented reality virtual graphics on streaming image frames on a display screen of a computing device of a passenger in accordance with at least some embodiments;

FIG. 20 shows another example user interface including augmented reality virtual graphics on streaming image frames on a display screen of a computing device of a passenger in accordance with at least some embodiments;

FIG. 21 shows an example method for determining whether biometric information matches stored biometric information in accordance with at least some embodiments; and

FIG. 22 shows an example method for determining when a vehicle has varied from a path in accordance with at least some embodiments.

DEFINITIONS

Various terms are used to refer to particular system components. Different companies may refer to a component by different names—this document does not intend to distinguish between components that differ in name but not function. In the following discussion and in the claims, the terms “including” and “comprising” are used in an open-ended fashion, and thus should be interpreted to mean “including, but not limited to . . . .” Also, the term “couple” or “couples” is intended to mean either an indirect or direct connection. Thus, if a first device couples to a second device, that connection may be through a direct connection or through an indirect connection via other devices and connections.

“Passenger” of a ride hailing service refers to person who is, or who will be, a passenger of a ride hailing service. For purposes of this disclosure passenger is thus not limited only to persons within the vehicle of a ride hailing service.

“Point-to-point communication” shall mean a wireless communication channel between a first and a second computing device without an intervening device.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following discussion is directed to various embodiments of the present disclosure. Although one or more of these embodiments may be preferred, the embodiments disclosed should not be interpreted, or otherwise used, as limiting the scope of the disclosure, including the claims. In addition, one skilled in the art will understand that the following description has broad application, and the discussion of any embodiment is meant only to be exemplary of that embodiment, and not intended to intimate that the scope of the disclosure, including the claims, is limited to that embodiment.

In the related art, no safe and secure method exists for identifying your vehicle in ride sharing and ride hailing (collectively hereafter just “ride hailing”) service if the ride is called using an application. All applications in the ride hailing industry, including applications used by Uber™, Lyft™, Grab™, GoJek™, and Didi™ guide the passenger towards their assigned vehicle, but dramatically fail in the last 100 meters. As in the case of airports, shopping malls, exhibition halls, to name a few, if 20 ride hailing vehicles are waiting in the same location for passengers, there is no way of guiding the rider in the last 50-20 meters, and all currently existing applications fail in authenticating the driver positively and securely.

Various embodiments, discussed more below, address (at least in part) the shortcomings of the related-art ride hailing platforms as it relates to identifying and authenticating the assigned driver and vehicle.

FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a system 100 in accordance with at least some embodiments. In some embodiments, the system 100 may include a first computing device 102 of a passenger 103, a second computing device 104 of a driver 105, and a ride hailing service 116 that are communicatively coupled via a network 112. The ride hailing service 116 may include one or more servers 118 that form a cloud-based computing system. The cloud-based computing system may refer to one or more servers 118 implementing a distributed architecture and being accessed over a network link. Each of the first computing device 102, the second computing device 104, and the servers 118 may include one or more processing devices, memory devices, and network interface devices.

The network interface devices may enable communication via a wireless protocol for transmitting data over short distances using low power, such as Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), ultra wideband (UWB), etc. As such, the first computing device 102 and the second computing device 104 may directly communicate with each other using a point-to-point communication channel (represented by line 107) without an intervening device (e.g., server 118 of the ride hailing service 116). Additionally, the network interface devices may enable communicating data over long distances, and in one example, the computing device 102 and the computing device 104 may communicate with the network 112. Network 112 may be a public network (e.g., connected to the Internet via wireless (e.g., cellular, WiFi)), a private network (e.g., a local area network (LAN) or wide area network (WAN)), or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the first computing device 102 and the second computing device 104 may communicate data with each other (represented by lines 107) using the servers 118 of the ride hailing service 116 via the network 112.

The ride hailing service 116 may include the one or more servers 118 that form a distributed computing architecture. Each of the servers 118 may be any suitable computing system and may include one or more processing devices, memory devices, data storage, and/or network interface devices. The servers 118 may be in communication with one another via any suitable communication protocol. The servers 118 may use one or more memory devices to store computer instructions and use one or more processing devices to execute the computer instructions to perform one or more operations described herein. The servers 118 may each include at least one database 117 in which the executed computer instructions may store data.

In some embodiments, the server 118 may match passengers requesting rides with drivers in a particular vicinity of the passengers to each other. The server 118 may cause the presentation, on the first computing device 102, of an option for the passenger 103 to request a ride to a destination, among other things. Further, the server 118 may cause the presentation, on the second computing device 104, of an option for the driver 105 to view available ride requests and accept ride requests, among other things. The server 118 may initially communicate data between the first computing device 102 and the second computing device 104 via the network 112. The server 118 may generate the data and/or store the data that is received/generated in the database 117. The data may include unique information for the respective passenger 103 and the respective driver 105, a token for the respective passenger 103 and the respective driver 105, and a device type for the respective first computing device 102 and respective second computing device 104, among other things, as described in further detail below.

The first computing device 102 may be any suitable computing device, such as a smart phone, laptop, or tablet. The first computing device 102 may be configured to execute a first client application 106 that presents a user interface. The first client application 106 may be provided by the ride hailing service 116. The first client application 106 may be implemented in computer instructions stored on one or more memory devices and executed by one or more processing devices of the first computing device 102. The first client application 106 may be a standalone application installed on the first computing device 102 or may be an application that is executed by another application (e.g., a website in a web browser).

The first computing device 102 may include a display that is capable of presenting the user interface of the first client application 106. The user interface may present screens pertaining to ride hailing that enable the passenger 103 to enter personal information (e.g., an image of their self (“selfie”), clothing type they are currently wearing, clothing color, accessory type they are currently wearing, gender, age, height, race, etc.), request rides to destinations, present directions guiding the first computing device 102 toward the second computing device 104, present directions of angles to turn the first computing device 102 and/or a body of the passenger 103 to increase a signal strength between the first computing device 102 and the second computing device 104, present detailed information about the driver 105 and/or a vehicle 109 driven by the driver 105, and/or present a notification that the driver 105 has been authenticated, among other things.

The second computing device 104 may be any suitable computing device, such as a smart phone, laptop, or tablet. The second computing device 104 may be configured to execute a second client application 108 that presents a user interface. The second client application 108 may be provided by the ride hailing service 116. The second client application 108 may be implemented in computer instructions stored on one or more memory devices and executed by one or more processing devices of the second computing device 104. The second client application 108 may be a standalone application installed on the second computing device 104 or may be an application that is executed by another application (e.g., a website in a web browser).

The second computing device 104 may include a display that is capable of presenting the user interface of the second client application 108. The user interface may present screens pertaining to ride hailing that enable the driver 105 to enter personal information (e.g., an image of their self (“selfie”), clothing type the driver is currently wearing, clothing color, accessory type the driver is currently wearing, gender, age, height, race, etc.) and/or vehicle (e.g., one or more images of the vehicle 109 at different perspectives (e.g., front and side elevation views), make, model, color, year, etc.), present ride requests from passengers within a certain vicinity, accept a ride request to a destination, present directions guiding the second computing device 104 toward the first computing device 102, present detailed information about the passenger 103, and/or present a notification that the passenger 103 has been authenticated, among other things.

The following describes an interaction between the first computing device 102 of the passenger 103, the server 118, and the second computing device 104 of the driver 105 in a ride hailing example situation, and in accordance with example embodiments. The passenger 103 is depicted with the first computing device 102, such as a smart phone. The first computing device 102 communicates initially with the server 118 of the ride hailing service 116, which in turn communicates with the second computing device 104 of the driver 105 in the vehicle 109. The server 118 may initially be a conduit of information between the passenger 103 and the driver 105.

The passenger 103, using the first computing device 102, initially requests a ride to a destination by communication with the server 118. The server 118 selects drivers in the area, and broadcasts the request. Once a driver 105 accepts, in the example system 100, tokens, unique numbers, and device types are exchanged securely between the first computing device 102 of the passenger 103 and the second computing device 104 of the driver 105 by way of the server 118.

In some embodiments, the first computing device 102 and the second computing device 104 may employ a cryptography technique (e.g., Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA)) to encrypt/decrypt the data that is transmitted to each other. For example, when the driver 105 accepts, the first computing device 102 may transmit, using the server 118, its own public key to the second computing device 104, and the second computing device 104 may transmit, using the server 118, its own public key to the first computing device 102. In some embodiments, each data transmitted by the first computing device 102 may be encrypted using the public key of the second computing device 104, and the second computing device 104 may decrypt the encrypted data using its private key. Likewise, each data transmitted by the second computing device 104 may be encrypted using the public key of the first computing device 102, and the first computing device 102 may decrypt the encrypted data using its private key. In some embodiments, other techniques may be used to secure the data, such as Eddystone protocol that defines point-to-point communication channel message formats that are encrypted where just authorized applications may be enabled to decrypt the messages.

Returning to the ride hailing situation, a token may be issued by the driver 105 (more particularly, by the second computing device 104 of the driver 105), and the token is hereafter referred to as “Token-D.” In some embodiments, the server 118 may generate Token-D. Similarly, a token is issued by the passenger 103 (more particularly, by the first computing device of the passenger) 103, and the token of the passenger 103 is hereafter referred to as “Token-P.” The Token-D and Token-P may include any suitable information.

FIG. 2 shows, in block diagram form, Token-P 200 in accordance with at least some embodiments. The example Token-P 200 may include a Passenger ID 202, which may be assigned to the passenger 103 by the server 118 of the ride hailing service 116. The Passenger ID 202 may be unique during a single transaction or across several transactions. In example cases, a unique Passenger ID 202 will be issued by the server 118 of the ride hailing service 116, and will remain unique throughout the lifetime of the passenger's registration with the ride hailing service 116. The Location 204 in the Token-P 200 may be captured from the first computing device 102 in real-time or near real-time as coordinates. In example cases, the format of the Location 204 information may be location in Degrees, Minutes, and Seconds (DMS) (e.g., 40° 26′ 46″ N 79° 58′ 56″ W). The Destination 206 in the Token-P 200 may be the name of passenger's destination (in some cases restricted to 50 characters). Coordinates for the Destination 206 may be also be used in DMS format instead of destination name. The Timestamp 208 in the Token-P 200 may be server generated in server-based systems. In Peer-to-Peer systems the Timestamp may be extracted from the first computing device 102 of the passenger 103 in any suitable format (e.g., HH:MM:SS). In example cases, the Token-P length is not restricted, but in other cases the Token-P length may be limited to 200 characters or so.

FIG. 3 shows, in block diagram form, Token-D 300 in accordance with at least some embodiments. The example Token-D 300 may include a Driver ID 302, which may be assigned to each driver 105 by the ride hailing system 116. The Driver ID 302 may be a unique number during a single transactions or across several transactions. In example cases, a unique Driver ID 302 will be issued by the server 118 of the ride hailing service 116, and will remain unique throughout the lifetime of the driver's registration with the ride hailing service 116. The Location 304 in the Token-D 300 may be captured from the second computing device 104 of the driver 105 in real-time or near real-time. In example cases, the format of the Location 304 information may be location DMS. The Licence Plate information 306 in the Token-D 300 may be unique in operational geography, and may refer to the letters and numbers of the license plate of the vehicle operated by the driver 105, in some cases restricted to 20 characters. The Timestamp 308 in the Token-D 300 may be extracted from the second computing device 104 of the driver 105 in any suitable format (e.g., HH:MM:SS). As with the Token-P 200, the example Token-D 300 may have no length restrictions, but in other cases the Token-D 300 length may be limited to 200 characters or so.

Summarizing before continuing, in the example workflow the passenger 103 has requested a ride using the first client application 106 provided by the ride hailing service 116 to the first computing device 102, the driver 105 has accepted using the second client application 108 provided by the ride hailing service to the second computing device 104, and the passenger 103 and driver 105 (through their respective computing devices 102 and 104) have exchanged information in the form of Token-P 200 and Token-D 300. In example embodiments, additional information is exchanged in the form of unique information and device types.

The unique information provided from the first computing device 102 of the passenger 103 to the second computing device 104 of the driver 105 is referred to herein as Unique-P. And oppositely, the unique information provided from the second computing device 104 of the driver 105 to the first computing device 102 of the passenger 103 is referred to herein as Unique-D. In some embodiments, when the driver 105 accepts the ride using the second computing device 104, an indication may be provided to the first computing device 102 by the server 118 of the ride hailing service 116 that the driver 105 has accepted. In such an instance, the first computing device 102 may generate and/or transmit the Unique-P to the server 118 to be communicated to the second computing device 104, and the second computing device 104 may generate and/or transmit the Unique-D to the server 118 to be communicated to the first computing device 102. In some embodiments, the Unique-P and Unique-D may be encrypted in a similar manner as described above.

In example cases, the Unique-P number is a short number, with fewer characters than the Token-P 200, created using any suitable technology (e.g., hash functions) from some or all the Token-P information. In one example embodiment, the Destination information is converted to a number, and the Unique-P is created by using the number-based Destination 206 and Passenger ID 202 as seeds provided to a hash function. Passenger ID 202 is unique during a transaction. Destination 206 is highly likely to be unique, especially when destination coordinates are used. In any case, a random or apparently random number is generated, and thus Unique-P has an exceptionally high probability of being unique.

Turning now to the Unique-D. The Driver ID 302 information in the Token-D 300 is a unique number. Likewise, the Licence Plate information 306 is unique within an operational geography. In example cases, the License Plate information 306 is converted to a number. The Unique-D may thus be created by using the Driver ID 302 and the number-based License plate information. As with the Unique-P, the Unique-D may be created in any suitable form, such as using the number-based License Plate and Driver ID as seeds provided to a hash function.

In some embodiments, the Unique-P and Unique-D may be smaller in memory size than the Token-P and Token-D. The size of the Unique-P and Unique-D may be a few bytes or one byte, for example. Accordingly, power efficiency may be enhanced when transmitting the Unique-P and Unique-D, as less data is being transmitted during Unique-P and Unique-D communication. Such communication of the Unique-P and Unique-D may be beneficial for communicating between smart phones that have limited battery life (e.g., the first computing device 102 of the passenger 103, which may not be plugged into a power source when the ride request is made). As described below, the Token-P 200 and Token-D 300 may be communicated between the first and second computing device 102 and 104 when a determination is made that the first and second computing device 102 and 104 are within a certain distance from each other (e.g., satisfy a threshold distance condition).

In addition, some example embodiments further exchange information regarding the device type of the computing devices 102 and 104 of each of the driver and passenger when the driver accepts the ride request. Some computing devices (e.g., mobile computing devices) have differing radio frequency (RF) characteristics, and such characteristics may have an impact on received signal strength indication (RSSI) based distance calculations. To enable more accurate distance estimates, Device Model and Types are extracted by the first and second client application 106 and 108 running in each of the first and second computing devices 102 and 104 of the passenger 103 and driver 105. The Device Model and Types information may be exchanged during initial exchange of Tokens and Unique information. The ride hailing system 116 may maintain a “Device Knowledge Base” (DKB) in the database 117. The DKB has information about RF characteristics of each device, and the information may be used to improve distance estimate accuracies as the first and second computing devices 102 and 104 get closer to one another, which is discussed in more detail below.

In some embodiments, the Token-D, Unique-D, device type information pertaining to the second computing device 104, etc. that is received from the server 118 by the first computing device 102 may be stored in one or more memory device of the first computing device 102. In some embodiments, the Token-P, Unique-P, device type information pertaining to the first computing device 102, etc. that is received from the server 118 by the second computing device 104 may be stored in one or more memory device of the second computing device 104.

Directing the driver to the passenger, and oppositely directing the passenger to the driver, can be conceptually divided into several zones. Each zone may be defined based on a distance between the passenger 103 and the driver 105 (or more specifically, between the first computing device 102 of the passenger 103 and the second computing device 104 of the driver 105). FIG. 4 shows a conceptual view of the communication zones during approach, and in accordance with at least some embodiments. When the driver 105 accepts the ride request of the passenger 103, each of the first computing device 102 and the second computing device 104 may determine their respective location data (e.g., using a global positioning system (GPS)) and communicate that respective location data to each other (e.g., using the server 118). The first and second computing device 102 and 104 may use their own location data and the received location data of the other computing device to determine a distance between each other. When the determined distance satisfies various threshold distance conditions, different types of communication channels may be used and/or different types of data may be exchanged according to embodiments disclosed herein.

The depicted example shows that the driver 105 who accepted the ride request via the second computing device 104 is driving the vehicle 109 toward the requesting passenger 103, who is holding the first computing device 102, beginning at Zone A. Zone A may represent the driver and passenger being separated by a distance where point-to-point communication (also referred to herein as peer-to-peer communication) is not yet possible. An example threshold distance condition may be satisfied for Zone A when the distance between the first and second computing device 102 and 104 is greater than a certain amount (e.g., greater than 500 meters, etc.). The Zone A communications may take place by the second computing device 104 of the driver 105 communicating with the first computing device 102 of the passenger 103 using technologies such as data communications over a wireless cellular network (e.g., 4G) or data communication over a wide-area network (e.g., WIFI).

When the driver and passenger are separated by such an example distance, the respective first and second computing device 102 and 104 may exchange initial information (e.g., tokens, unique information, device type) using the server 118 via the network 112 after the driver accepts the ride request. Further, each computing device 102 and 104 may continue to communicate their respective location data with each other using the Zone A communication. Since each computing device 102 and 104 are transmitting their location data to each other, the passenger 103 may monitor in real time the driver's progress toward the pickup location, and similarly the driver 105 may monitor the passenger's location in case the passenger 103 voluntarily or involuntarily is forced to relocate.

In many cases, the Zone A communication may continue until a different, shorter range communication (e.g., point-to-point communication) can be established between the first and second computing device 102 and 104. For example, the respective first and second computing device 102 and 104 may continue to determine the distance between each other, which may be used to determine when another threshold distance condition is satisfied. In some embodiments, using the point-to-point communication channel in Zone B, a received signal strength indication (RSSI), in addition to the location data, may be used by each of the first and second computing device 102 and 104 to more accurately determine the distance between each other.

When both the driver and the passenger are sufficiently close, the respective computing devices 102 and 104 may begin advertising to establish a point-to-point communication channel, a Zone B communication. For example, when the second computing device 104 of the driver 105 and the first computing device 102 of the passenger 103 are within 500 meters, the respective computing device may begin broadcasting unique information (depicted as Unique-P and Unique-D in bi-directional arrow connecting the first and second computing devices 102 and 104 at Zone B) to attempt to establish direct communication. That is, when the distance between the first and second computing device 102 and 104 satisfy a threshold distance condition (e.g., less than 500 meters, 250 meters, 50 meters, etc.), then the respective unique information may be broadcast by the first and second computing device 102 and 104. The actual distance at which the two devices may establish a direct point-to-point communication channel varies based on a host of factors.

In example situations, the Zone B communications may take place when the respective devices are within about 50 meters, over protocols such as BLE, UWB, or the like. The attempts to establish Zone B communications may take place by each mobile device broadcasting the respective unique information. In some example cases, the second computing device 104 of the driver 105 broadcasts the Unique-D previously provided (and in some cases the Unique-D encrypted with the passenger's public key). Similarly, the second computing device 104 of the passenger 103 broadcasts the Unique-P previously provided (and in some cases the Unique-P encrypted with the driver's public key). Zone A communications may continue during the broadcasting of the Unique information until the Zone B communications are established. Once the Zone B communications are established, the Zone A-based communications may cease.

During Zone B communications, the first and second computing devices 102 and 104 may exchange similar information to the Zone A communications, but using the new connection. For example, each of the first and second computing device 102 and 104 may exchange respective location data with each other. Thus, the passenger 103 may monitor the driver's progress toward the pickup location (e.g., by receiving the GPS based location information), and similarly the driver 105 may monitor the passenger's location (e.g., by receiving the GPS based location information). In some embodiments, the Zone B communication may continue until a different, even shorter range communication can be established between the devices.

The example Zone B communication schemes also enable better directional navigation or direction finding for both the passenger and driver, though the driver may be constrained by roadways. In particular, the Zone B communication schemes enable at least two angle detection systems, where the angle detection systems help establish a direction for the passenger 103 (and in appropriate situations, the driver 105) to proceed to find each other. The angle detection systems are further described below with reference to FIGS. 11 and 12.

When the second computing device 104 of the driver 105 and the first computing device 102 of the passenger 103 satisfy another threshold distance condition by being less than a certain distance (e.g., less than 5 meters) from each other, the point-to-point communication channel (e.g., BLE, UWB) may continue to be used in Zone C communications and tokens (depicted as Token-P & Token-D on the bi-directional arrow between the first and second computing device 102 and 104 at Zone C) may be exchanged. For example, the second computing device 104 may communicate the Token-D to the first computing device 102 and the first computing device 102 may communicate the Token-P to the second computing device 104. Each of the first and second computing device 102 and 104 may compare the received token to the respective token initially received when the ride was accepted by the driver 105. If the tokens are verified by each respective computing device 102 and 104 with Zone C, each of the first and second computing device 102 and 104 may perform various operations to indicate to the passenger 103 and the driver 105 that authentication is successful and they are in vicinity to one another. These operations are discussed further below with reference to FIG. 10. Location data of each computing device 102 and 104 may continue to be exchanged with each other to guide the computing devices 102 and 104 together in Zone C.

In some embodiments, when both the second computing device 104 of the driver 105 and the first computing device 102 of the passenger 103 are sufficiently close, the respective computing devices 102 and 104 may begin advertising a second point-to-point communication channel that is an even shorter range communication in Zone C. For example, when the driver 105 and passenger 103 are within five meters or one meter, the respective computing devices 102 and 104 may begin broadcasting to attempt to establish direct communication via the second point-to-point communication channel. The actual distance at which the two devices may establish the next direct communication channel varies based on a host of factors. In example situations, the Zone C communications may take place with the respective devices are within about one meter, over protocols such as Near Field Communication (NFC), UWB, or the like. In these embodiment authentication situations, the second computing device 104 of the driver 105 and the first computing device 102 of the passenger 103 device may be touched together, and Tokens and/or Unique number's exchanged (possibly in encrypted form). If the information is authenticated, each of the first computing device 102 and the second computing device 104 may so indicate.

Additional aspects for passenger security may include that if the passenger 103 is within two meters of the driver 105, and authentication has not taken place, and the passenger 103 starts moving at a certain car driving speed, local security forces and/or law enforcement agencies may be alerted (e.g., kidnapping). The passenger's moving speed may be detected using sensors of the first computing device 102 and/or GPS signals.

In some embodiments, when the battery of the first computing device 102 of the passenger 103 falls below a certain level, a potential outage of passenger's computing device 102 may be communicated to the second computing device 104 of the driver 105. If communication between the first and second computing device 102 and 104 is lost, the second computing device 104 of the driver 105 may wait an extra amount of time for the first computing device 102 of the passenger 103 to respond. Duration of the extra time (e.g., 5 minutes, 10 minutes, etc.) may be agreed upon during the first handshake.

In some embodiments, the passenger 103 and the driver 105 may be within Zone B when the passenger 103 uses the first computing device 102 to request a ride. In such an instance, the tokens, unique information, and/or device types may be exchanged, via a cellular or WiFi network, between the first and second computing device 102 and 104 using the server 118. The first and second computing device 102 and 104 may exchange location data and determine that their distance from each other satisfies the threshold distance condition pertaining to Zone B. Accordingly, each of the first and second computing device 102 and 104 may broadcast their unique information to establish point-to-point communication. The first and second computing device 102 and 104 may exchange location data over the point-to-point communication to enable guiding the devices toward each other until another threshold distance condition is satisfied for Zone C, at which point the tokens may be exchanged between the first and second computing device 102 and 104 to perform authentication.

Transitioning now to various methods, FIG. 5 depicts a method for computing devices 102 and 104 to communicate with each other via a server and then a first point-to-point communication to guide each other together. FIG. 6 provides additional details regarding the exchange of unique information to establish the first point-to-point communication. FIG. 9 provides additional details regarding the exchange of tokens and authentication via a second point-to-point communication. FIG. 12 shows a method for various angle detection systems. FIG. 13 shows a system for the first computing device 102 using a point-to-point communication to find the second computing device 104 and securely authenticating with the second computing device 104.

With regard to FIG. 5, an example method 500 is shown for guiding computing devices 102 and 104 toward each other using a threshold distance condition. The method 500 may be performed by processing logic that may include hardware (circuitry, dedicated logic, etc.), firmware, software, or a combination of both. The method 500 and/or each of their individual functions, subroutines, or operations may be performed by one or more processors of one or more of the devices in FIG. 1 (e.g., computing device 102, computing device 104, ride hailing service 116 including servers 118) implementing the method 500. The method 500 may be implemented as computer instructions that, when executed by a processing device, execute the operations. In certain implementations, the method 500 may be performed by a single processing thread. Alternatively, the method 500 may be performed by two or more processing threads, each thread implementing one or more individual functions, routines, subroutines, or operations of the method 500.

At block 502, a request for a ride to a destination may be transmitted by the first computing device 102 of the passenger 103 to a server 118. The request may be selected by the passenger 103 using the first client application 106 provided by the ride hailing service 116 to the first computing device 102. The destination may be the name of the passenger's destination and/or coordinates for the destination may be used in Degrees, Minutes, Seconds (DMS) format. In some embodiments, the first and second computing device 102 and 104 may be separated by a distance that satisfies the threshold distance condition (e.g., greater than 500 meters) for Zone A communication. Accordingly, the first and second computing device 102 and 104 may communicate with each other using the server 118 via the network 112 (e.g., cellular network).

At block 504, an indication may be received by the first computing device 102 of the passenger 103, where the indication specifies that the second computing device 104 of the driver 105 accepted the ride to the destination. The indication may be received from the server 118 of the ride hailing service 116.

At block 506, first location data of the first computing device 102 may be communicated via the server 118 to the second computing device 104 and first location data of the second computing device 104 may be communicated via the server 118 to the first computing device 102. Each of the first and second computing device 102 and 104 may determine the first location data using respective GPS and the location data may be represented as coordinates the DMS format.

At block 508, a first distance between the first and second computing device 102 and 104 may be determined based on the first location data of the first and the second computing device 102 and 104. For example, the first computing device 102 may receive the first location data of the second computing device 104 and determine the distance using its own first location data and the received second computing device location data. The second computing device 104 may receive the first location data of the first computing device 102 and determine the distance using its own first location data and the received first computing device location data. In some embodiments, each of the first and second computing device 102 and 104 may use a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) to determine the distance between each other.

At block 510, responsive to determining that the first distance between the first computing device 102 and the second computing device 104 satisfies a first threshold distance condition, second location data of the first computing device 102 may be communicated, via a first point-to-point communication (e.g., BLE, UWB) between the first computing device 102 and the second computing device 104, to the second computing device 104, and second location data of the second computing device 104 may be communicated, via the first point-to-point communication, to the first computing device 102. In some embodiments, the first threshold distance condition may pertain to the Zone B communication and may be satisfied when the first and second computing device 102 and 104 are within 50 meters from each other, for example. When the point-to-point communication is established in Zone B, the Zone A communication using an intervening device (e.g., the server 118) may cease.

At block 512, directions for the first computing device 102 to reach the second computing device 104 and directions for the second computing device 104 to reach the first computing device 102 may be presented based on the second location data of the first computing device 102 and the second computing device 104. That is, directions to reach the second computing device 104 may be presented by a display of the first computing device 102, and directions to reach the first computing device 102 may be presented by a display of the second computing device 104.

FIG. 6 shows an example method 600 for establishing a point-to-point communication between two computing devices 102 and 104 using unique information for a passenger 103 and a driver 105 in accordance with at least some embodiments. Method 600 includes operations performed by one or more processing devices of one or more devices (e.g., first computing device 102, second computing device 104, servers 118 of ride hailing service 116) of FIG. 1. The method 600 may be performed in the same or a similar manner as described above in regards to method 500.

At block 602, a unique information of the passenger 103 may be generated by performing blocks 604 and 606. The unique information of the passenger 103 may be generated by the first computing device 102 and/or the server 118 of the ride hailing service 116. At block 604, the Destination 206 of Token-P 200 may be converted to a number-based destination. At block 606, one or more of the number-based destination or a Passenger ID 202 may be provided as seeds to a hash function to generate the unique information of the passenger 103. The unique information of the passenger 103 may be stored in a memory device of the first computing device 102. The first computing device 102 may transmit a first unique information of the passenger 103 to the server 118 when the passenger 103 registers with the ride hailing service 116. The first unique information of the passenger 103 may be a copy of the unique information of the passenger 103 stored at the first computing device 102.

At block 608, a unique information of the driver 105 may be generated by performing blocks 610 and 612. The unique information of the driver 105 may be generated by the second computing device 104 and/or the server 118 of the ride hailing service 116. At block 610, the License Plate information 306 may be converted to a number-based license plate information. At block 612, one or more of the number-based license plate information or a Driver ID 302 may be provided as seeds to a hash function to generate the unique information of the driver 105. The unique information of the driver 105 may be stored in a memory device of the second computing device 104. The second computing device 104 may transmit a first unique identifier of the driver 105 to the server 118 when the driver 105 registers with the ride hailing service 116. The first unique information of the driver 105 may be a copy of the unique information of the driver 105 stored at the second computing device 104.

At block 614, the first unique information of the passenger 103 may be communicated, via the server 118, to the second computing device 104, and a first unique information of the driver 105 may be communicated, via the server 118, to the first computing device 102. This exchange of unique information may occur in response to the driver 105 accepting a ride requested by the passenger 103 to a destination. Other information may be exchanged between the computing devices 102 and 104 at this time, such as the tokens and device types, as described further herein.

At block 616, responsive to determining that the first distance (determined at block 508 of FIG. 5) between the first and second computing device 102 and 104 satisfies the first threshold distance condition, the first and second computing device 102 and 104 may broadcast a second unique information of the passenger 103 and the driver 105, respectively, that causes the point-to-point communication to be established between the first and second computing device 102 and 104 when at least the first and second unique information of the passenger 103 match at the second computing device 104 and the first and second unique information of the driver 105 match at the first computing device 102. The second unique information for the passenger 103 and the driver 105 may be the same as the first unique information for the passenger 103 and the driver 105.

In some embodiments, when the first and second computing device 102 and 104 detect the second unique information and establish the point-to-point communication (e.g., within Zone B communication), one or more angle detection systems may be used to enhance guiding the first and second computing devices 102 and 104 toward each other, as described further with regard to FIGS. 11 and 12. Further, the first computing device 102 may present, via a user interface of the first client application 106, certain information pertaining to the vehicle 109 and/or the driver 105, and directions toward the driver 105.

For example, FIG. 7 shows an example user interface 700 for vehicle and driver information presented on the computing device 102 of the passenger 103 in accordance with at least some embodiments. In particular, the user interface 700 may be presented by the first client application 106 executing on the first computing device 102. As depicted, the user interface 700 may include a portion 702 that present directions for the first computing device 102 (represented as the triangle) to reach the second computing device 104 (represented as the star). In some embodiments, the user interface 700 may also present a distance remaining to the second computing device 104. Further, as depicted, a second portion 704 may be presented in the user interface 700 that includes further details pertaining to the vehicle 109 and/or the driver 105.

The vehicle details may include a “License Plate ID: LR 69 KVC,” “Make: XYZ,” “Model: Truck,” “Color: Black,” and/or an image of the vehicle from one or more views (e.g., a front view, side view, perspective view, top view, etc.), among other things. The driver details may include an image of the driver 105 provided by the driver 105, obtained from storage, or an avatar. The driver details may also include “Device Type: smartphone ABC,” and/or “Distinguishing Features: (Male, Female, Blonde, etc.),” among other things.

In some embodiments, the second computing device 104 may present, via a user interface of the second client application 108, certain information pertaining to the passenger 103, and directions toward the passenger 103. FIG. 8 shows an example user interface 800 for passenger information presented on the second computing device 104 of a driver 105 in accordance with at least some embodiments. In particular, the user interface 800 may be presented by the second client application 108 executing on the second computing device 104. As depicted, the user interface 800 may include a portion 802 that present directions for the second computing device 104 (represented as the triangle) to reach the first computing device 102 (represented as the star). In some embodiments, the user interface 800 may also present a distance remaining to the first computing device 102. Further, as depicted, a second portion 804 may be presented in the user interface 800 that includes further details pertaining to the passenger 103. The passenger details may include a “Clothing Type: Hoodie,” “Clothing Color: Yellow,” “Accessories: Sunglasses,” “Shoes: White Trainers,” “Gender: Male,” and/or a current or old image of the passenger 103 uploaded by the passenger 103, among other things.

FIG. 9 shows an example method 900 for performing authentication between a passenger 103 and a driver 105 using tokens (e.g., Token-P 200 and Token-D 300 in accordance with at least some embodiments. Method 900 includes operations performed by one or more processing devices of one or more devices (e.g., first computing device 102, second computing device 104, servers 118 of ride hailing service 116) of FIG. 1. The method 900 may be performed in the same or a similar manner as described above in regards to method 500.

At block 902, a token, Token-P 200, of the passenger 103 may be generated using at least one a passenger identification (Passenger ID 202) provided by the server 118 of the ride hailing service 116, Location 204 of the first computing device 102, Destination 206, and/or Timestamp 208. The Token-P 200 of the passenger 103 may be generated by the first computing device 102 and/or the server 118 of the ride hailing service 116 when the request for the ride to the destination is made or when the ride is accepted by the driver 105. The Token-P 200 of the passenger 103 may be stored in a memory device of the first computing device 102. A first Token-P may be transmitted to the server 118 when the request for the ride to the destination is made or when the driver 105 accepts the ride request. The first Token-P of the passenger 103 may be a copy of the Token-P 200 of the passenger 103 stored at the first computing device 102.

At block 904, a token, Token-D 300, of the driver 105 may be generated using at least one a driver identification (Driver ID 302) provided by the server 118 of the ride hailing service 116, Location 304 of the second computing device 104 of the driver 105, License Plate information 306 of the vehicle 109, and/or Timestamp 308. The Token-D 300 of the driver 105 may be generated by the second computing device 104 and/or the server 118 of the ride hailing service 116 when the request for the ride to the destination is accepted. The Token-D 300 of the driver 105 may be stored in a memory device of the second computing device 104. A first Token-D may be transmitted to the server 118 when the driver 105 accepts the ride request. The first Token-D of the driver 105 may be a copy of the Token-D 300 of the driver 105 stored at the second computing device 104.

At block 906, the first Token-P 200 of the passenger 103 may be communicated, via the server 118, to the second computing device 104, and a first Token-D 300 of the driver 105 may be communicated, via the server 118, to the first computing device 102. This exchange of tokens may occur in response to the driver 105 accepting a ride requested by the passenger 103 to a destination. Other information may be exchanged between the computing devices 102 and 104 at this time, such as the unique information (described above) and device types.

In some embodiments, the first and second computing device 102 and 104 may change distances from satisfying a threshold distance condition (e.g., distance is greater than 500 meters) associated with Zone A to satisfying a threshold distance condition (e.g., distance is less than 50 meters) associated with Zone B. For example, as previously described with reference to the method 600 of FIG. 6, the first distance between the first and second computing device 102 and 104 satisfied the first threshold distance condition and the first and second computing device 102 and 104 are communicating via the first point-to-point communication.

Returning to the method 900 of FIG. 9, at block 908, third location data of the first computing device 102 may be communicated, via the first point-to-point communication, to the second computing device 104, and third location data of the second computing device 104 may be communicated, via the point-to-point communication, to the first computing device 102. The third location data of the first and second computing device 102 and 104 may be GPS coordinates. In some embodiments, an RSSI may be detected by both the first and second computing device 102 and 104.

At block 910, a second distance between the first and second computing device 102 and 104 may be determined based on the third location data of the first and second computing device 102 and 104. In some embodiments, the second distance may also be determined based on the RSSI, which can enhance determining how close the first and second computing device 102 and 104 are to each other. In some embodiments, a determination may be made whether the second distance satisfies a second threshold distance condition (e.g., less than 5 meters) that is associated with Zone C communication.

At block 912, responsive to determining that the second distance between the first and second computing device 102 and 104 satisfies a second threshold distance condition, authentication may be performed between the first and second computing device 102 and 104 by communicating, via a second point-to-point communication (e.g., BLE, UWB, NFC), a second Token-P 200 of the passenger 103 to the second computing device 104 and a second Token-D 300 of the driver to the first computing device 102. In some embodiments, the second Token-P may be a copy of the Token-P stored in the memory device of the first computing device 102, or the second Token-P may be generated on the fly. In some embodiments, the second Token-D may be a copy of the Token-D stored in the memory device of the second computing device 104. The first and second Token-Ps may be the same, and the first and second Token-Ds may be the same.

Performing authentication may include the blocks 914 and 916. At block 914, the first computing device 102 may determine whether the second Token-D 300 of the driver 105 matches the first Token-D 300 of the driver. At block 916, the second computing device 104 may determine whether the second Token-P 200 of the passenger 103 matches the first Token-P 200 of the passenger 103. If the tokens match at both computing device 102 and 104, then authentication is successful.

As described above, in some embodiments, tokens may be exchanged when the computing devices 102 and 104 are touched together by using NFC or UWB communication at a shorter range (e.g., centimeters). In any case, when authentication is successful, various operations may be performed.

For example, FIG. 10 shows example operations that may be performed in response to successful authentication in accordance with at least some embodiments. As depicted, the passenger 103 and the driver 105 are within a distance that satisfies the threshold distance condition (e.g., less than 5 meters) for Zone C communication over a point-to-point communication (e.g., BLE, UWB, NFC). As such, the first computing device 102 communicates the Token-P 200 to the second computing device 102, and the second computing device 104 communicates the Token-D 300 to the first computing device 102. The tokens may be matched with tokens previously received from the server 118 at each of the first and second computing device 102 and 104 to successfully authenticate the passenger 103 and the driver 105.

In some embodiments, as depicted by list 1000, the first computing device 102 of the passenger 103 may present “Authenticated,” make a sound, and/or vibrate. As depicted by list 1002, the second computing device 104 of the driver 105 may display “Authenticated,” make a sound, and/or vibrate. In some cases displaying “Authenticated” on both devices will be sufficient. Optionally, additional actions may take place. As further depicted in the list 1000, the first computing device 102 may flash its camera lights; provide a notification that the driver 105 is in the vicinity.

As further depicted in the list 1002, the second computing device 104 may take one or more of the following actions: provide notification to the driver 105 that the passenger 103 is in vicinity; and the driver's mobile computing device flashes its camera light. In cases where the second computing device 104 is in communication with the vehicle's controller area network (CAN) bus, the second computing device 104 may take one or more of the following actions: turn on the vehicle hazard lights; flash the vehicles head lamps; implement a pattern of flashing of some or all the lights, where the pattern is specific to the passenger 103.

FIG. 11 shows an example of full or partial turning to improve direction information in accordance with at least some embodiments. The direction information may be provided by one or more angle detection systems executed by the first client application 106 of the first computing device 102 and/or the second client application 108 of the second computing device 104. The angle detection systems may be used while during Zone B communication, and the angle detection systems help establish a direction for the passenger 103 (and in appropriate situations, the driver 105) to proceed to find each other. The angle detection systems may minimize user disturbance by minimizing requests for the passenger 103 to turn around.

In one example, the wide area around each first and second computing device 102 and 104 is scanned, and the passenger 103 may be directed to turn the first computing device 102 to detect the ‘maximum’ signal according to a received signal strength indication (RSSI) calculated by the first computing device 102. As device types of the first and second computing devices 102 and 104 have been shared with each other, using RF signal properties of each computing device 102 and 104, the direction algorithm improves ‘direction’ and ‘distance’ estimates, in some cases based on RSSI alone. The system may calculate the direction in real-time. The passenger may be asked to walk and rotate the device a few times as the algorithm continuously estimates and re-estimates a direction of the target. This real-time estimation and re-estimation is helpful in situations where the driver may have to drive the vehicle from its current position. Additionally the passenger, while walking, may come across an obstacle and temporarily change direction. The system therefore estimates and re-estimates in real-time current direction for both the passenger 103 and the driver 105.

The example algorithm may also identify the ‘minimum’ signal using the RSSI measurements. The minimum signal from the second computing device 104 of the driver 105 occurs when the passenger's body is between the first computing device 102 of the passenger 103 and that of the driver 105, as the human body absorbs most of the signal. When the minimum signal is detected, the passenger 103 is directed to turn 180 degrees so as to take own body out of the signal path.

In some cases it may be inconvenient for the passenger 103 to turn as directed while walking. Thus, in other example embodiments the algorithm may be designed and constructed to request at least some turning of the passenger 103 while stationary. For example, if the passenger 103 is walking and the signal is getting stronger, no passenger rotation is requested. When the signal strength starts diverging from an expected strength, the first and/or second computing device 102 and 104 may calculate an expected direction based on previous signal strengths, and the passenger 103 is directed to rotate (rotation request 1100) only around expected strong signal areas (as shown by the shaded area in FIG. 11). As example systems may constantly check signal strength, the scan area is constantly reduced to cause minimal inconvenience to the passenger 103. In the case of two computing devices 102 and 104 converging, the signals between the two are strong and therefore the request for turning will be reduced or eliminated. Further, expected improvements to Zone B communication protocols (e.g., BLUETOOTH 5.1, and UWB) will include directional services for angle of arrival (AOA) and angle of departure (AOD) built in, and thus the various example embodiments may use such services directly.

FIG. 12 shows an example method 1200 for using a received signal strength indication (RSSI) to improve direction information in accordance with at least some embodiments. Method 1200 includes operations performed by one or more processing devices of one or more devices (e.g., first computing device 102, second computing device 104, servers 118 of ride hailing service 116) of FIG. 1. The method 1200 may be performed in the same or a similar manner as described above in regards to method 500.

At block 1202, an RSSI may be received at the first computing device 102 from the second computing device 104. The first and second computing device 102 and 104 may be communicating using point-to-point communication (e.g., BLE, UWB) in Zone B. A wide area may be scanned around the first computing device 102 to detect the direction at which the signal is the maximum. At decision block 1204, a determination may be made based on the RSSI whether a strength of the signal is at a maximum. If so, at block 1206, the first computing device 102 may provide an instruction to turn the first computing device 102 to a determined position in a direction of the maximum signal. If the signal is not at the maximum, then at block 2108 a determination may be made based on the RSSI whether the strength of the signal is at a minimum. If so, at block 1210, the first computing device 102 may provide an instruction to turn a body of the passenger 103 a certain number of degrees to remove the body (e.g., liquid) from interfering with the signal.

FIG. 13 shows an example method 1300 for a system of a passenger 103 in a ride hailing situation in accordance with at least some embodiments. The system may correspond to the first computing device 102 of the passenger 103 in FIG. 1, and may include a memory storing instructions, a cellular network interface, a first point-to-point communication interface for medium range communication, a second point-to-point communication interface for close-range communication, a display screen, and/or a processor communicatively coupled to the memory, the cellular network interface, the first point-to-point communication interface, the second point-to-point communication interface, and the display screen. The method 1200 includes operations implemented in the instructions stored on the memory that, when executed, cause the processor to perform the operations. The method 1300 may be performed in the same or a similar manner as described above in regards to method 500.

At block 1302, a request may be transmitted by a passenger 103 for a ride to a destination, the transmitting by the cellular network interface. The request may be submitted using a user interface of a first client application 106 provided to the system by the ride hailing service 116. In some embodiments, the request may be transmitted to the server 118 of the ride hailing service 116.

At block 1304, an indication may be received that a computing device (corresponds to the second computing device 104 in FIG. 1) of the driver 105 accepted the ride to the destination. The indication may include a first unique information of the driver 105 and a token (Token-D 300) of the driver. The indication may be received from the server 118 of the ride hailing service 116. The first unique information of the driver 105 and the first token of the driver 105 may be encrypted when received and the system may use a private key to decrypt the first unique information and the first token of the driver 105.

In some embodiments, the computing device of the driver 105 may have generated the first unique identifier by converting License Plate information 306 to a number-based license plate information; and providing one or more of the number-based license plate information or a Driver ID 302 as seeds to a hash function to generate the first unique information of the driver. In some embodiments, the computing device of the driver 105 may have generated the first token using at least one of a Driver ID 302, Location 304 of the computing device of the driver 105, License Plate information 306, or a Timestamp 308.

At block 1306, first location data of the computing device of the driver 105 may be received by way of the cellular network interface. In some embodiments, the system may use a GPS to determine a first location data of the system.

At block 1308, directions for the system to reach the computing device of the driver 105 may be presented on the display screen, where the directions are based on the first location data of the system and the first location data of the computing device of the driver 105. The directions may guide the system toward the computing device of the driver 105.

At block 1310, a determination may be made, based on the first location of the system and the computing device of the driver 105, that a distance between the system and the computing device of the driver 105 satisfies a first threshold distance condition, and responsive to the determination, a first point-to-point communication session may be established with the computing device of the driver 105, the establishing by way of the first point-to-point communication interface. Establishing the first point-to-point communication session with the computing device of the driver 105 may include receiving a second unique information of the driver 105, and establishing, using the first and second unique information of the driver 105, the first point-to-point communication session between the system and the computing device of the driver 105.

At block 1312, second location data of the computing device of the driver 105 may be received, at the first point-to-point communication interface, from the computing device of the driver 105. In some embodiments, the system may use a GPS to determine a second location data of the system.

At block 1314, directions for the system to reach the computing device of the driver 105 may be presented on the display screen, where the directions are based on the second location data of the system and the second location data of the computing device of the driver 105. The directions may be enhanced using the angle detection systems described in FIGS. 11 and 12.

In some embodiments, a determination may be made based on the second location data of the system and the computing device of the driver 105 that a second distance between the system and the computing device of the driver 105 satisfies a second threshold distance condition, and responsive to thereto establish a second point-to-point communication session (e.g., NFC or UWB) with the computing device of the driver 105, the establishing by way of the second point-to-point communication interface. Further, a second token of the driver 105 may be received, by the second point-to-point communication component, from the computing device of the driver 105, and the processor of the system may authenticate the computing device using the first and second token of the driver. Authenticating the computing device using the first and second token of the driver 105 may include determining that the first and second token of the driver match.

FIG. 14 illustrates example computer system 1400 which can perform any one or more of the methods described herein, in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. In one example, computer system 1400 may correspond to the computing device 102 of the passenger 103, the one or more servers 118 of the ride hailing service 116, and/or the computing device 104 of the driver 105 of FIG. 1. The computer system 1400 may be capable of executing the first client application 106 and/or the second client application 108 of FIG. 1. The computer system may be connected (e.g., networked) to other computer systems in a LAN, an intranet, an extranet, or the Internet. The computer system may operate in the capacity of a server in a client-server network environment. The computer system may be a smart phone, personal computer (PC), a tablet computer, a wearable (e.g., wristband), a set-top box (STB), a personal Digital Assistant (PDA), a camera, a video camera, or any device capable of executing a set of instructions (sequential or otherwise) that specify actions to be taken by that device. Further, while only a single computer system is illustrated, the term “computer” shall also be taken to include any collection of computers that individually or jointly execute a set (or multiple sets) of instructions to perform any one or more of the methods discussed herein.

The computer system 1400 includes a processing device 1402, a main memory 1404 (e.g., read-only memory (ROM), flash memory, dynamic random access memory (DRAM) such as synchronous DRAM (SDRAM)), a static memory 1406 (e.g., solid state drive (SSD), flash memory, static random access memory (SRAM)), and a data storage device 1408, which communicate with each other via a bus 1410.

Processing device 1402 represents one or more general-purpose processing devices such as a microprocessor, central processing unit, or the like. More particularly, the processing device 1402 may be a complex instruction set computing (CISC) microprocessor, reduced instruction set computing (RISC) microprocessor, very long instruction word (VLIW) microprocessor, or a processor implementing other instruction sets or processors implementing a combination of instruction sets. The processing device 1402 may also be one or more special-purpose processing devices such as an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a digital signal processor (DSP), network processor, or the like. The processing device 1402 is configured to execute instructions for performing any of the operations and steps discussed herein.

The computer system 1400 may further include a network interface device 1412, 1430, and 1432. The network interface device1412 may be configured to communicate over long ranges via a wireless protocol (e.g., cellular, WiFi). The network interface device 1430 may be configured to communicate over medium ranges using point-to-point communication via a wireless protocol (e.g., BLE, UWB). The network interface device 1432 may be configured to communicate over short ranges using point-to-point communication via a wireless protocol (e.g., NFC, UWB). The computer system 1400 also may include a video display 1414 (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD) or a cathode ray tube (CRT)), one or more input devices 1416 (e.g., a keyboard and/or a mouse), and one or more speakers 1418 (e.g., a speaker). In one illustrative example, the video display 1414 and the input device(s) 1416 may be combined into a single component or device (e.g., an LCD touch screen).

The computer system 1400 may further include a global positioning system (GPS) receiver 1434. The GPS receiver 1434 may be configured to receive signals from one or more GPS satellite and determines a distance from the satellites to obtain a latitude and longitude as location data. The GPS receiver 1434 may provide continuous real-time location data of the computer system 1400 to the processing device 1402.

The data storage device 1408 may include a computer-readable storage medium 1420 on which the instructions 1422 (e.g., implementing the first and second client applications, and/or any functions performed by any device and/or component depicted in the Figures and described herein) embodying any one or more of the methodologies or functions described herein is stored. The instructions 1422 may also reside, completely or at least partially, within the main memory 1404 and/or within the processing device 1402 during execution thereof by the computer system 1400. As such, the main memory 1404 and the processing device 402 also constitute computer-readable media. The instructions 1422 may further be transmitted or received over a network via the network interface device 1412.

While the computer-readable storage medium 1420 is shown in the illustrative examples to be a single medium, the term “computer-readable storage medium” should be taken to include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database, and/or associated caches and servers) that store the one or more sets of instructions. The term “computer-readable storage medium” shall also be taken to include any medium that is capable of storing, encoding or carrying a set of instructions for execution by the machine and that cause the machine to perform any one or more of the methodologies of the present disclosure. The term “computer-readable storage medium” shall accordingly be taken to include, but not be limited to, solid-state memories, optical media, and magnetic media.

FIG. 15 shows an example method 1500 for determining whether vehicle information corresponds to an expected vehicle for a driver in accordance with at least some embodiments. Method 1500 includes operations performed by one or more processing devices of one or more devices (e.g., first computing device 102, second computing device 104, servers 118 of ride hailing service 116) of FIG. 1. The method 1500 may be performed in the same or a similar manner as described above in regards to method 500.

At block 1502, the first computing device 102 may direct the passenger to point a camera of the first computing device 102 toward a location of the second computing device 104 of the driver located in a vehicle. In some embodiments, prior to directing the passenger to point the camera of the first computing device 102 toward the location of the second computing device 104, a processing device may determine whether a first authentication layer succeeds by (i) biometrically verifying the driver, (ii) matching one or more tokens exchanged between the first computing device 102 and the second computing device 104, or both (i) and (ii).

At block 1504, a processing device of the first computing device 102 may receive data from the camera. The data may include streaming image frames including vehicle information pertaining to a vehicle included in the streaming image frames.

At block 1506, the data may be analyzed to obtain vehicle information. In some embodiments, analyzing the data to obtain the vehicle information may include: (i) performing object character recognition, (ii) inputting the data into a machine learning model trained to obtain the vehicle information from the data, (iii) performing optical character recognition, or (iv) some combination thereof.

In some embodiments, one or more machine learning models may be used to obtain the vehicle information. The one or more machine learning models may each perform certain specific operations. To generate the one or more machine learning models, a training engine (e.g., implemented and used by server 118) may train the one or more machine learning models (e.g., implemented and used by server 118). The training engine may use training data that includes training inputs and corresponding target outputs (correct answers for respective training inputs). For example, the training inputs may include various images or representations of vehicles and/or geographic locations and the corresponding target outputs may include vehicle information pertaining to makes of vehicles, models of vehicles, colors of vehicles, years of vehicles, geographical locations (e.g., landmarks, buildings, environments, landscapes, etc.), types of unique identifying marks (e.g., dents on a hood of a vehicle, missing bumper, etc.), or some combination thereof. The training engine may find patterns in the training data that map the training input to the target output (the answer to be predicted), and provide the machine learning models that capture these patterns. The one or more machine learning models may refer to model artifacts that are created by the training engine using training data that includes training inputs and corresponding target outputs.

The one or more machine learning models may be composed of, e.g., a single level of linear or non-linear operations (e.g., a support vector machine [SVM]) or may be a deep network, i.e., a machine learning model that is composed of multiple levels of non-linear operations. Examples of deep networks are neural networks including convolutional neural networks, recurrent neural networks with one or more hidden layers, and fully connected neural networks (e.g., each neuron may transmit its output signal to the input of the remaining neurons, as well as itself). For example, the machine learning model may include numerous layers and/or hidden layers that perform calculations (e.g., dot products) using various neurons.

Convolutional neural networks include architectures that may provide efficient image recognition. For example, convolutional neural networks that are used may be particularly well-suited for efficient text/object/character recognition and may improve processing speed of a computing device. Convolutional neural networks may include several convolutional layers and subsampling layers that apply filters to portions of the image of the text to detect certain features. That is, a convolutional neural network includes a convolution operation, which multiplies each image fragment by filters (e.g., matrices) element-by-element and sums the results in a similar position in an output image. Recurrent neural networks include the functionality to process information sequences and store information about previous computations in the context of a hidden layer. As such, recurrent neural networks may have a “memory”. In a fully connected neural network, each neuron may transmit its output signal to the input of the remaining neurons, as well as itself.

In any embodiment, the vehicle information obtained from the data received from the camera may include a license plate number of the vehicle, a make of the vehicle, a model of the vehicle, a color of the vehicle, a year of the vehicle, an image of the vehicle, a location of the vehicle, a number of unique identifying marks of the vehicle, or some combination thereof.

At block 1508, the processing device may determine whether the vehicle in the streaming image frames corresponds to an expected vehicle for the driver. The determination may be based on the vehicle information and expected vehicle information.

FIG. 16 shows an example method 1600 for performing an action when vehicle information corresponds to an expected vehicle in accordance with at least some embodiments. Method 1600 includes operations performed by one or more processing devices of one or more devices (e.g., first computing device 102, second computing device 104, servers 118 of ride hailing service 116) of FIG. 1. The method 1600 may be performed in the same or a similar manner as described above in regards to method 500.

At block 1602, responsive to determining the vehicle in the streaming image frames corresponds to the expected vehicle for the driver, the processing device of the first computing device 102 may overlay a first augmented reality virtual graphic on the vehicle presented in the streaming image frames displayed on a display screen of the first computing device 102.

At block 1604, the processing device of the first computing device 102 may overlay a second augmented reality virtual graphic on a portion of the streaming image frames, where the second augmented reality virtual graphic is proximate the first augmented reality virtual graphic, and the second augmented reality virtual graphic changes orientation in response to the first computing device 102 being directed towards the second computing device 104 or being directed away from the second computing device 104. In some embodiments, the second augmented reality virtual graphic includes an arrow or any suitable indicator. The second augmented reality virtual graphic may be implemented using a “live” quality where a property of the second augmented reality virtual graphic continually or continuously changes to reflect motion of the second augmented reality virtual graphic. For example, the second augmented reality virtual graphic may include various portions that change in size/shape (e.g., large to small) incrementally to cause an effect of the arrow pointing at an object in the user interface.

Blocks 1606 and 1608 include example operations that may be performed when the first computing device 102 is being directed towards the second computing device 104. In some embodiments, at block 1606, the processing device of the first computing device 102 may increase an intensity of a movement (e.g., the “live” quality described above) of the second augmented reality virtual graphic to encourage the passenger to continue moving the first computing device 102 towards the second computing device 104. Additionally or alternatively, in some embodiments, at block 1608, the processing device changes a color of the second augmented reality virtual graphic to encourage the passenger to continue moving the first computing device 102 towards the second computing device 104.

FIG. 19 shows an example user interface 1900 including augmented reality virtual graphics 1902 and 1904 on streaming image frames on a display screen of a computing device 102 of a passenger in accordance with at least some embodiments. The passenger may be pointing the camera of the computing device 102 at vehicles 1906, 1910, and 1912. As depicted, the vehicles are included in streaming image frames of data received from a camera of the computing device 102 that is displayed on the display screen of the computing device 102. The streaming image frames may be referred to as real-time or near real-time video. Real-time or near real-time video may refer to video that is captured and presented on the computing device 102 in less than 2 seconds.

As depicted, a first augmented reality virtual graphic 1902 is overlaid on the vehicle 1906 represented in the streaming image frames displayed on the display screen of the first computing device 102. The first augmented reality virtual graphic 1902 may be overlaid in response to determining the vehicle 1906 in the streaming image frames corresponds to the expected vehicle for the driver based on the vehicle information obtained for the vehicle 1906. The first augmented reality virtual graphic 1902 may be a square with rounded or non-rounded edges, a circle, a rectangle, or any suitable shape useful for identifying the vehicle 1906 of interest (e.g., a vehicle that corresponds to the expected vehicle for the driver assigned to provide a ride to the passenger).

A second augmented reality virtual graphic 1904 is overlaid on the streaming image frames, the first augmented reality virtual graphic 1902, and/or the vehicle 1906. The second augmented reality virtual graphic 1904 may include an arrow that has a “live” quality as described herein. That is, the size/shape/color of the second augmented reality virtual graphic 1904 may be modified to direct the passenger toward the vehicle 1906 when the second computing device 104 of the driver and/or the vehicle 1906 are proximate (e.g., within a certain distance based on location data of the first computing device 102, the second computing device 104, and/or the vehicle 1906) to the first computing device 102.

In some embodiments, an image of the vehicle 1906 stored in the server 118 may be overlaid on the vehicle 1906 in the streaming image frames to determine whether the vehicle 1906 matches the stored vehicle image. If the stored image does not match the vehicle 1906 in the user interface 1900, then a processing device may provide an indication that the vehicle 1906 is not verified, and/or may cancel the ride. If the stored image matches the vehicle 1906 in the user interface 1900, then a processing device may provide an indication that the image of the vehicle 1906 is verified and/or may perform another verification. For example, the computing device 102 may process the license plate number of the vehicle 1906 as captured from the streaming image frames and may provide an indication if the license plate number if verified or not.

Returning to FIG. 16, block 1610 includes an example operation that may be performed when the first computing device 102 is being directed away from the second computing device 104. In some embodiments, at block 1610, the processing device of the first computing device 102 may change an orientation of the second augmented reality virtual graphic to encourage the user to redirect the first computing device 102 towards the second computing device 104.

FIG. 20 shows another example user interface 2000 including augmented reality virtual graphics 1902 and 1904 on streaming image frames on a display screen of a computing device 102 of a passenger in accordance with at least some embodiments. The user interface 2000 depicts changing the orientation of the second augmented reality virtual graphic 1904 to encourage the passenger to redirect the first computing device 102 towards the second computing device 104 and/or the vehicle 1906.

As may be appreciated, if the passenger is walking straight in a direction away from the vehicle 1906 and/or the computing device 104 of the driver, the first computing device 102 may identify the direction of movement and modify the orientation (e.g., bend) the overlaid arrows (second augmented reality virtual graphic 1904) to direct the passenger in a direction toward the vehicle 1906 and/or the second computing device 104. As depicted, the overlaid arrows 1904 are bent to the right to direct the passenger to change their direction of movement. The change of orientation may be performed in real-time or near real-time. In some embodiments, audio may be used to direct the passenger toward the vehicle and/or the second computing device 104. For example, the audio may indicate “bear right a little”. Even further, haptic vibrational feedback may be employed to guide the passenger. For example, as the passenger swerves away from the vehicle 1906 and/or the second computing device 104, the first computing device 102 may vibrate (e.g., vibrations may become more frequent and intense as passenger swerves further away from the target).

Other augmented reality virtual graphics, such as 2010, may also be used in certain scenarios. For example, when the passenger is walking toward the wrong vehicle 1912, a third augmented reality virtual graphic 2010 may be overlaid on the wrong vehicle 1912 in the streaming image frames to indicate that the passenger is approaching the wrong vehicle. The third augmented reality virtual graphic 2010 may be any suitable indicator capable of providing an indication a wrong target (e.g., vehicle).

FIG. 17 shows an example method 1700 for performing an action when vehicle information does not correspond to an expected vehicle in accordance with at least some embodiments. Method 1700 includes operations performed by one or more processing devices of one or more devices (e.g., first computing device 102, second computing device 104, servers 118 of ride hailing service 116) of FIG. 1. The method 1700 may be performed in the same or a similar manner as described above in regards to method 500.

At block 1702, responsive to determining the vehicle in the streaming image frames does not correspond to the expected vehicle for the driver, the processing device of the first computing device 102 may cancel (block 1704) a ride between the driver and the passenger, select (block 1706) another driver to provide the ride for the passenger, or both.

FIG. 18 shows an example method 1800 for overlaying an initial image of a vehicle on a vehicle in streaming image frames in accordance with at least some embodiments. Method 1800 includes operations performed by one or more processing devices of one or more devices (e.g., first computing device 102, second computing device 104, servers 118 of ride hailing service 116) of FIG. 1. The method 1800 may be performed in the same or a similar manner as described above in regards to method 500.

At block 1802, a processing device of the first computing device 102 may overlay an initial image of the vehicle stored in a data store on the vehicle in the streaming image frames displayed on a display screen of the first computing device 102.

At block 1804, the processing device of the first computing device 102 may determine whether the initial image of the vehicle matches the vehicle in the streaming image frame.

At block 1806, responsive to determining that the initial image of the vehicle matches the vehicle in the streaming image frames, the processing device of the first computing device 102 may present an indication that the vehicle in the streaming image frames matches the initial image.

FIG. 21 shows an example method 2100 for determining whether biometric information matches stored biometric information in accordance with at least some embodiments. Method 2100 includes operations performed by one or more processing devices of one or more devices (e.g., first computing device 102, second computing device 104, servers 118 of ride hailing service 116) of FIG. 1. The method 2100 may be performed in the same or a similar manner as described above in regards to method 500.

At block 2102, a processing device may determine whether the first computing device 102 of the passenger and the second computing device 104 of the driver of the vehicle are within a threshold distance from one another. For example, as described herein, when the first computing device 102 and the second computing device 104 are within a certain threshold distance (e.g., less than 5 meters from each other), the token of the passenger and the token of the driver may be advertised and verified by the opposite computing device (e.g., the first computing device 102 verifies the token of the driver and the second computing device 104 verifies the token of the passenger). If the tokens are verified, a processing device may prompt the driver to enter biometric information.

At block 2104, responsive to determining that the first computing device 102 of the passenger and the second computing device 104 of the driver are within the threshold distance from one another, the processing device may perform biometric verification of the driver, the passenger, or both.

At block 2106, the processing device may receive biometric information from the second computing device 104. The biometric information may include a fingerprint of the driver, an image of the face of the driver, retinal data of the driver, or any combination thereof. The biometric information may be captured by a camera of the second computing device 104, a touchscreen or surface capable of obtaining a fingerprint of the second computing device 104, or the like and may be transmitted to the processing device (e.g., of the server 118). In some embodiments, the biometric information of the passenger may be received from the computing device 102 of the passenger to verify the identity of the passenger.

At block 2108, the processing device may determine whether the biometric information matches stored biometric information. For example, when the driver and/or the passenger registers to participate in the ride hailing service, a processing device may prompt the driver and/or the passenger to enter the biometric information for storage to be used to verify their identity for rides.

At block 2110, if the biometric information does not match the stored biometric information, the processing device may terminate the ride and transmit new ride details to the first computing device 102 of the passenger. For example, the processing device may identify the closest vehicle to the passenger when the closest vehicle is operated by a driver that accepts the ride details associated with the passenger.

At block 2112, if the biometric information matches the stored biometric information, the processing device may determine whether the vehicle information of the vehicle matches expected vehicle information (e.g., license plate number, make of vehicle, model of vehicle, color of vehicle, image of vehicle, etc.). If the verification is successful, an indication may be presented to the passenger via the first computing device 102. In some embodiments, any suitable stage in authentication may be initiated when the stored biometric information matches the biometric information.

In some embodiments, the first computing device 102 of the passenger may verify the token of the driver when the second computing device 104 is received within a threshold distance from the first computing device 102 with a token of the driver previously received. If the verification of the tokens is successful, and the biometric information of the driver is verified successfully, then the first computing device 102 may provide an indication that the vehicle operated by the driver is in the vicinity.

In some embodiments, when authentication is successful within a threshold distance (e.g., Zone C) between the first computing device 102 and the second computing device 104 and the biometric information of the driver is verified, then the first computing device 102 may receive, generate, and/or present an indication that “Authentication Successful” and/or the second computing device 104 may receive, generate, and/or present an indication that “Authentication Successful.”

In some embodiments, when the biometric information of the driver is verified and the second computing device 104 successfully verifies tokens of the passenger, the processing device may electronically cause the second computing device 104 of the driver to indicate that the passenger is within the vicinity. In some embodiments, the second computing device 104 of the driver may flash a light of the camera when the biometric information of the driver is verified and the secure token exchange is successful. In some embodiments, the vehicle of the driver may be controlled to activate hazard lights or headlamps (e.g., by the second computing device 104 accessing the internal car network) when the biometric information of the driver is verified and the second computing device 104 successfully verifies tokens of the passenger. The pattern of flashing or activating of lights of a vehicle and/or the second computing device 104 may be unique and/or different for each specific passenger. In some embodiments, when the biometric information of the driver is verified and the second computing device 104 successfully verifies tokens of the passenger, an electronic device being used in vehicle (e.g., a light provided by an entity associated with the ride hailing service) may be activated in a certain manner (e.g., illuminate check mark).

In some embodiments, when driver verification is complete (e.g., when the biometric information of the driver is verified and the second computing device 104 successfully verifies tokens of the passenger), the first computing device 102 of the passenger may verify the tokens of the driver within the threshold distance between the first computing device 102 and the second computing device 104. When biometric information of the driver is verified and the first computing device 102 of the passenger verifies the tokens of the driver, the first computing device 102 of the passenger may provide an indication that the driver is within the vicinity and/or provide an indication that “Authentication is Successful”.

In some embodiments, additional secure authentication may be used. For example, when the driver biometric information is verified and the tokens exchanged are verified by the computing devices 102 and 104 within the threshold distance, the first computing device 102 may verify the license plate number of the vehicle including the driver. Even further, if the license plate number is verified, in some embodiments, touch between the first computing device 102 and the second computing device 104 may be required. This option may be activated or deactivated based on the preference of the passenger. When the computing devices 102 and 104 touch, tokens may be exchanged once more using NFC or UWB. If the tokens are successfully verified after touch, “Authentication is Successful” may be presented on each respective computing device 102 and 104.

FIG. 22 shows an example method 2200 for determining when a vehicle has varied from a path in accordance with at least some embodiments. Method 2200 includes operations performed by one or more processing devices of one or more devices (e.g., first computing device 102, second computing device 104, servers 118 of ride hailing service 116) of FIG. 1. The method 2200 may be performed in the same or a similar manner as described above in regards to method 500.

At block 2202, the processing device may generate a route for a driver to follow using a vehicle to provide a ride to a passenger. The route may include a starting point, a path, and an ending point. The processing device may transmit the route to the second computing device 104 of the driver for the driver to follow by operating the vehicle.

At block 2204, the processing device may receive positioning data from the first computing device 102 of the passenger, the second computing device 104 of the driver, or both. For example, the passenger may be sitting in the vehicle and the first computing device 102 may transmit the positioning data (e.g., GPS) to the processing device (e.g., in server 118).

At block 2206, the processing device may determine whether the positioning data indicates the vehicle has varied from the path by more than a threshold distance. For example, the threshold distance may include any suitable amount, such as 2 kilometer or more.

At block 2208, responsive to determining that the positioning data indicates the vehicle has varied from the path by more than the threshold distance, the processing device may perform a preventative action. In some embodiments, the preventative action may include contacting emergency services, transmitting a notification to the second computing device 104 of the driver (e.g., the notification may instruct the driver to stop the vehicle and enter their biometric information again), transmitting a notification to the first computing device 102 of the passenger (e.g., the notification may request the passenger to respond to indicate whether the passenger is in danger), or some combination thereof. In some embodiments, if the either or both of the notifications result in an undesired response, then the emergency services may be contacted.

The above discussion is meant to be illustrative of the principles and various embodiments of the present disclosure. Numerous variations and modifications will become apparent to those skilled in the art once the above disclosure is fully appreciated. It is intended that the following claims be interpreted to embrace all such variations and modifications. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of authentication in ride hailing situations, the method comprising: directing, by a first computing device of a passenger, the passenger to point a camera of the first computing device toward a location of a second computing device of a driver located in a vehicle; receiving data from the camera, wherein the data comprises streaming image frames including vehicle information pertaining to a vehicle included in the streaming image frames; analyzing the data to obtain the vehicle information; and determining whether the vehicle in the streaming image frames corresponds to an expected vehicle for the driver, the determining based on the vehicle information and expected vehicle information.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein, responsive to determining the vehicle in the streaming image frames corresponds to the expected vehicle for the driver, the method further comprising: overlaying a first augmented reality virtual graphic on the vehicle represented in the streaming image frames displayed on a display screen of the first computing device.
 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising overlaying a second augmented reality virtual graphic on a portion of the streaming image frames, wherein the second augmented reality virtual graphic is proximate the first augmented reality virtual graphic, and the second augmented reality virtual graphic changes orientation in response to the first computing device: being directed towards the second computing device or being directed away from the second computing device.
 4. The method of claim 3, wherein changing the orientation in response to the first computing device being directed towards the second computing device comprises performing at least one operation selected from a group of operations comprising: increasing an intensity of a movement of the second augmented reality virtual graphic to encourage the passenger to continue moving the first computing device towards the second computing device, and changing a color of the second augmented reality virtual graphic to encourage the passenger to continue moving the first computing device towards the second computing device.
 5. The method of claim 3, wherein changing the orientation in response to the first computing device being directed away from the vehicle comprises changing the orientation of the second augmented reality virtual graphic to encourage the passenger to redirect the first computing device towards the second computing device.
 6. The method of claim 3, wherein the second augmented reality virtual graphic comprises an arrow.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein, prior to directing the passenger to point the camera of the first computing device toward the location of the second computing device, the method further comprises: determining whether a first authentication layer succeeds by performing at least one operation selected from a group of operations comprising: biometrically verifying the driver, and matching one or more tokens exchanged between the first computing device and the second computing device.
 8. The method of claim 1, wherein analyzing the data to obtain the vehicle information further comprises performing at least one operation selected from a group of operations comprising: performing object character recognition, inputting the data into a machine learning model trained to obtain the vehicle information from the data, performing optical character recognition, and some combination thereof.
 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the vehicle information includes at least one vehicle information selected from a group of vehicle information comprising: a license plate number of the vehicle, a make of the vehicle, a model of the vehicle, a color of the vehicle, a year of the vehicle, an image of the vehicle, a location of the vehicle, a number of unique identifying marks, and some combination thereof.
 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising: overlaying an initial image of the vehicle stored in a data store on the vehicle in the streaming image frames displayed on a display screen of the first computing device; determining whether the initial image of the vehicle matches the vehicle in the streaming image frames; and responsive to determining that the initial image of the vehicle matches the vehicle in the streaming image frames, presenting an indication that the vehicle in the streaming image frames matches the initial image.
 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising: prompting the passenger to input biometric information; determining whether the biometric information is associated with an expected biometric information.
 12. The method of claim 1, wherein, responsive to determining the vehicle in the streaming image frames does not correspond to the expected vehicle for the driver, the method further comprising: canceling a ride between the driver and the passenger; and selecting another driver to provide the ride for the passenger.
 13. The method of claim 1, wherein a preventative action is performed when a determination is made that a position of the vehicle varies from an expected position along any point of a route by more than a threshold distance, wherein the preventative action comprises performing at least one operation selected from a group of operations comprising: contacting emergency services, transmitting a notification to the second computing device of the driver, transmitting a notification to the first computing device of the passenger, and some combination thereof.
 14. The method of claim 1, further comprising performing biometric verification of the driver.
 15. A method for authenticating a ride in a ride hailing situation, the method comprising: determining whether a first computing device of a passenger and a second computing device of a driver of a vehicle are within a threshold distance from one another; responsive to determining that the first computing device of the passenger and the second computing device of the driver are within the threshold distance from one another, performing biometric verification of the driver, the passenger, or both; receiving biometric information from the second computing device; and determining whether the biometric information matches stored biometric information.
 16. The method of claim 15, wherein, responsive to determining that the biometric information matches the stored biometric information, the method further comprising: determining whether vehicle information of the vehicle matches expected vehicle information.
 17. The method of claim 15, wherein, responsive to determining that the biometric information does not match the stored biometric information, the method further comprising: terminating the ride and transmitting new ride details to the first computing device of the passenger.
 18. The method of claim 15, wherein a preventative action is performed when a determination is made that a position of the vehicle varies from an expected position along any point of a route by more than a threshold distance, wherein the preventative action comprises performing at least one operation selected from a group of operations comprising: contacting emergency services, transmitting a notification to the second computing device of the driver, transmitting a notification to the first computing device of the passenger, and some combination thereof.
 19. A method for authenticating a ride in a ride hailing situation, the method comprising: generating a route for a driver to follow using a vehicle to provide the ride to a passenger, wherein the route includes a starting point, a path, and an ending point; receiving positioning data from a first computing device of a passenger, a second computing device of a driver, or both; determining whether the positioning data indicates the vehicle has varied from the path by more than a threshold distance; and responsive to determining that the positioning data indicates the vehicle has varied from the path by more than the threshold distance, performing a preventative action.
 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising: directing, by the first computing device of the passenger, the passenger to point a camera of the first computing device toward a location of the second computing device of the driver of the vehicle; receiving data from the camera, wherein the data comprises streaming image frames including vehicle information pertaining to a vehicle included in the streaming image frames; analyzing the data to obtain the vehicle information; and determining, based on the vehicle information, whether the vehicle in the streaming image frames corresponds to an expected vehicle for the driver by comparing the vehicle information to expected vehicle information.
 21. The method of claim 19, further comprising: determining whether the first computing device of the passenger and the second computing device of the driver of the vehicle are within a threshold distance from one another.
 22. The method of claim 21, wherein, responsive to determining that the first computing device of the passenger and the second computing device of the driver are within the threshold distance from one another, the method further comprises: causing the second computing device of the driver to prompt the driver to perform biometric verification using an input device of the second computing device of the driver; receiving driver biometric information from the second computing device; and determining whether the driver biometric information matches stored driver biometric information.
 23. The method of claim 22, wherein, responsive to determining that the driver biometric information matches the stored driver biometric information, the method further comprising: determining whether vehicle information of the vehicle matches expected vehicle information.
 24. The method of claim 22, wherein, responsive to determining that the driver biometric information does not match the stored driver biometric information, the method further comprising: terminating the ride and transmitting new ride details to the first computing device of the passenger. 